The Political Career of Kamarajar - 1582 Words

The political career of Kumaraswamy Kamaraj (1903-1975) spanning about 50 years, cutting across the colonial and post-independent phases, of Indian history, is indeed an enviable record. Representing a novel political culture neither bordering on Gandhian thought and action nor possessing the anglicised sophistication and cosmopolitanism of the Nehruvian vision, Kamaraj, rose from an underprivileged background, stood forth as a sober and robust figure winning the confidence and respect of the common people. He showed a rare political acumen and the uncanny ability to grasp social and political realities from the grass roots level upwards. A hard core political realist, his political life was never governed by any high theories or fancy†¦show more content†¦E V Ramasamy was arrested in December 1938 and imprisoned for a year. This confrontation sharpened the conflict between the non-Brahmins and Brahmins within the Congress organisation. The agitation was continued till Rajaji had to opt for making Hindi an optional subject in schools in February 1940. At this crucial moment, Rajajis candidate, C P Subbiah, was defeated by K Kamaraj with the support of the Brahmin leader, Satyamurthi. Kamaraj was elected as the president of the Tamil Nadu Congress in 1940, the post which he held till he became the chief minister of Tamil Nadu in 1954. The advent of Kamaraj as the party boss from a low caste non-Brahmin background made a powerful appeal to the vast non-Brahmin majority and attracted the non-Brahmin elites and the political-minded elements who had long resented the power and privileges of the Brahmins, and broadened the social base of the Congress.7 The non-Brahmin presence in the Congress gained ground, rallying around Kamaraj, a rustic leader who transformed the Congress into a peoples party championing the causes of the lower castes. Kamaraj grew steadily from strength to strength displaying his organising skills to control men and matters. During these years his contact with the people and the respect

Kant s Critique Of Judgment - 1128 Words

An Excerpt from Kant s Critique of Judgment In the first part Analytic of the beautiful, Kant elucidates the judgment of taste. Kant examines the mechanics in distinguishing whether something is beautiful or not and arrives to the realization that beauty is purely intuitive. The judgment of beauty relies not on cognition and reason but on an entirely different aspect .Then, whether an object is beautiful or not depends on the sensation of pleasure or pain the subject undergoes through exposure to it. Kant deduces that the judgment of beauty is subjective; the subject is the primary variable in the equation. The empirical value of the object doesn t matter when it s being judged, only the sensation it radiates in the subject determines its aesthetic status. Kant delineates the distinct factors affecting decision-making in the process of judging beauty. To apprehend a regular purposive building by means of one s cognitive faculty†¦is quite different from being conscious of this representation as connected with the sensation of satisfaction, Kant explains. The representation of the subject in one s mind is compared to all other representations in a certain state of mind, thereby eliminating the need for cognition-building when exercising taste. Empirical judgments, Kant states, can apply to any object, but the result remains logical and rational , while judgments of beauty pertain only to the subjective and are aesthetical. After determining that the mechanics ofShow MoreRelatedThird Breaking Down His Most Important Philosophies1097 Words   |  5 PagesFoundations of Natural Science 3. Critique of Practical Reason 4. Critique of the Power of Judgment 5. Critique of Pure Reason a. Knowledge b. 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Discuss the Symbolism and Motifs in the ‘Rabbit Proof Fence’. What Do They Represent and How Do They Contribute to the Story free essay sample

Symbolism is the use of one object to represent a notion or other object, whereas a motif is the recurrence of an object, theme, and subject throughout the film. The ‘Rabbit Proof Fence’ is based on a true story on how Aboriginal families were treated by politicians and government. It follows the journey of three young girls, Molly, Gracie and Daisy who were taken from their mothers and moved to the Moore River Orphanage Settlement to be integrated into the white culture, forgetting about their history and background, and how they escape and find their way home. The use of symbolism and motifs such as the spirit bird, the rabbit proof fence and the umbilical cord together with film techniques and music illustrates the strong sense of community, hope, freedom and belonging and helps draw the audience into the film through the sense of vulnerability of the girls. The Spirit Bird, Molly’s totem, is both a major symbol and motif that is used through the entire film. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Symbolism and Motifs in the ‘Rabbit Proof Fence’. What Do They Represent and How Do They Contribute to the Story? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It gives Molly the inspiration, determination, hope and a sense of connection between her and her homeland. The bird is used to portray the sense of freedom and a guide to help Molly through the difficult times on the journey home. It symbolises safety and protection after the children were taken away from their mother. It also symbolises the identity and faith of the Aboriginals. At the beginning of the film Molly’s mother, Maude, points to a bird flying overhead and says to Molly, â€Å"See that Bird? That’s a spirit bird; he will always look after you. † Throughout the film Noyce uses the eagle circling above the girls to show that they are in desperate need of protection. The bird is also seen in Molly’s flashback whilst at the Moore River Settlement, the use of a close up of her face in bed fading to an undershot of the eagle in the sky, brought back memories and is followed by a close up of Molly and Maude giving her the determination to escape and find their way home. Again, when the girls are struggling on their long journey home and they collapse, Noyce uses an extreme close up shot of Molly’s eyes as she hears the sound of the eagle, her eyes slowly open and then the film uses a low angle shot of the eagle flying above the girls in the sky. The audience senses their vulnerability and the challenge that lies ahead. This is followed by a high angle shot of Molly standing and looking at the eagle providing her with the inner strength to continue the journey home. As they continue, there is an aerial shot of trees, the sound of an eagle, an example of diegetic sound and the audience has a sense that the bird is guiding the girls home. The rabbit proof fence is the central motif. It runs from North to South of Western Australia and was built to keep rabbits away from farmland. It is very symbolic as when it was built it kept the Aboriginals in one place and therefore shows how they were restricted in their movement, unlike the freedom of the spirit bird. It symbolises the division between the Aboriginals and the Europeans. The girls are pictured as frightened rabbits trapped on the wrong side of the fence, the same feeling as the Aboriginal people felt. The audience follows the girls on their journey home. The vastness of the outback and the epic journey that the girls experienced highlighted by Noyce by the opening aerial shots and additional overhead shots that confirm their reliance on the fence to guide them home. The fence symbolises hope and the will to live, whenever we see it the hopeful music begins. The fence is an important symbol in the film. It not only highlights the split between the European and Aboriginal culture, it represents a link between mother and daughter. Molly says, ‘Find that rabbit fence, we go home’ Daisy replies by saying, ‘then we see our mum. ’ The fence is the umbilical cord connecting them to their mother. When the girls first see the fence, they run to it and grab it. Positive music is played in the film and drums roll. Cross cutting in the film shows that their mother is also holding the fence. It is a link between the two and it seems as if the vibrations travel up to their mum. During this scene there are close ups of their hands holding the fence. Here the fence is showing a link between the dangerous predicaments they find themselves in, to the safety of home. This symbolises the link between their lives before they were taken from their mothers and their determination to find that life again. The film ‘Rabbit Proof Fence’ illustrates the importance of family, belonging and country to the Aboriginal people. It has contributed to the cultural identity of Aboriginals and Australia as a country. Through clever use of symbolism, motifs, film techniques and music, Noyce involved the audience well and captured their emotions. The use of the spirit bird, Molly’s totem to convey freedom, the fence to illustrate the division between Europeans and Aboriginals and the use of the fence as the unbroken umbilical cord between Molly and Maude guiding them home helped the audience become more aware of this terrible chapter in Australian history.

Kota Fibres Ltd Essay Example

Kota Fibres Ltd Essay The following questions will help you in the preparation and analysis of this case. Use these questions as a guide in your study of the case. However, do not limit yourselves to these questions only, but rather allow yourselves to expand your thinking and analysis of this case. 1. How did Mehta construct his financial forecast? Using the financial forecast, prepare to show the â€Å"cash cycle† of the firm (i. e. , the flow of funds through the working-capital accounts of the firm). 2. Examine the exhibits in the case. On the basis of Mehta’s forecast, how much debt will Kota need to arrange for the coming year? Will Kota be able to repay the line of credit this year? 3. Why do Kota’s financial requirements vary across the year? What are the key determinants of Kota’s borrowing needs? Please exercise the spreadsheet model to identify the critical forecast assumptions. 4. Consider the four memos that Pundir received. Use your intuition to assess the desirability of two of the proposals: ? Pondicherry’s request for credit: What will be the effect of this proposal on accounts receivable and debt balances across the year? The level-production proposal: If Kota undertakes level production now, at the low point of the annual business cycle, what is the likelihood of inventory stock-outs at the peak of the business cycle? If Kota undertakes level production just after the peak, what will happen to inventory and debt balances at the cyclical low? Are these proposals liable to re lieve, or worsen, Kota’s ability to â€Å"clean up† its bank loan by the end of 2001? What action should Pundir take on these two proposals? 5. Why does the bank require 1 30-day â€Å"clean-up† of the loan? We will write a custom essay sample on Kota Fibres Ltd specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kota Fibres Ltd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kota Fibres Ltd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Should the bank continue to waive compliance with this covenant? 6. Please identify the three most important actions or policies that Pundir should take. What should Pundir say to the bank and to the customers? 1. Mr. Mehta developed a monthly forecast of financial statements using the current operating assumptions. As an alternative way of looking at the forecasted funds flows, Mr. Mehta also prepared a forecast of cash receipts and disbursements. To prepare a forecast on a business-as-usual basis, Mr. Mehta used various parameters such as Cost of goods sold (a figure that was up from recent years because of increasing price competition), operating expenses (up from recent years to include the addition of a quality control department, two new sales agents, and three young nephews in whom she hoped to built an allegiance to the Pundir family business), the companys income tax rate, and the exercise tax. Calculation using 2001 Forecast Annual Income Statements (Exhibit 2) and 2001 Forecast Balance Sheets (Exhibit 3) Days Inventories Outstanding (DIO)= Inventories / COGS per Day = 2,225,373 / (66,993,380 / 365) = 12. 2 ( Round Up = 13 Days Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)= Account Receivable / Sales per Day = 3,715,152 / (90,900,108 / 365) = 14. 92 ( Round Up = 15 Days Days Payables Outstanding (DPO)= Account Payable / COGS per Day = 1,157,298 / 66,993,380 / 365) = 6. 31 ( Round Up = 7 Days Kota Fibres’ Cash Cycle = DIO + DSO – DPO = 13 + 15 – 7 = 21 Days 2. Total Deb t Outstanding= 153,303,169 Total New Borrowings= 2,779,599 Total Kota Fibres’ Debt= Total Debt Outstanding + Total New Borrowings = 156,082,768 Total Sales= 90,900,108 Total Account Receivable Collected= 89,857,685 Total Sales + Account Receivable Collected= 180,757,793 Even the Total Sales + Total Account Receivable Collected is bigger than Total Kota Fibres’ Debt, since the cash money that Kota Fibres’ have only 89,857,685 (Total Account Receivable Collected), Kota Fibres’ cannot repay the line of credit. Except Mr. Pundir and Mr. Mehta can assure that all of the sales can be collected into cash, Kota Fibres can pay all it’s debt. 3. Kota’s financial requirements vary across the year because the demand for synthetic textiles especially Nylon is influenced by seasonal event and competition among suppliers that was keen. We can say that Kota’s business is seasonal business in this case. The key determinant of Kota’s borrowing needs is the suppliers who buy the nylon fiber. Kota has to borrow to purchase raw material for production. If we analyze the Schedule of Cash Receipts and Disbursements for 2001 (Exhibit 9) in the first 4 months, the purchase of Kota Fibres is bigger than sales. Since the business influenced by seasonal peak in demand in late summer and early fall, Kota make money at May – December. The suppliers that buy the nylon from Kota usually ask for credit also. 4. Pondicherry’s request for credit terms of 80 days (since the Kota’s standard terms only 45 Days) will increase Kota’s account receivables. This mean Kota’s make good sales but no cash in. This will affect to the payment of Kota’s debt. The level-production proposal: If Kota undertakes level production and the inventory stock-outs at the peak of business cycle, Kota’s sales will decrease and debt can’t be paid. If Kota undertakes level production just after the peak, the inventory will not overload. Kota can decrease the cost of production and the safety can be used to pay debt. If we consider to these two memos, I think the most liable to relive to support Kota’s ability to â€Å"clean up† its bank loan by the end of 2001 it the level-production proposal. Mr. Pundir is recommended to take the level-production proposal by undertakes level production just after the peak. 5. The bank require 30-day â€Å"clean up† of the loan to ensure that money lent under a line-of-credit (short-term loans) do not turn into long-term loans and can make a full repayment at the due date. The seasonal line of credit had to be cleaned up for at leas 30 days each year (the usual clean up month had been October in this case). Yes, the bank should still waive compliance with this covenant to monitor the lender and make sure the lender can make a full repayment at the due date. . 3 most important actions / policies that Mr. Pundir should take: a. 30 day inventory policy and Partial JIT– to prevent inventory overload and free up a lot of space in the warehouse. b. Level Production – Undertakes the level production just after the peak. c. 0 Dividends in 2001 – Split off strategy / Increase share holders stock strategy. To Bank: Plan t o obtain the long term and fixed rate loan from the bank in order to align Kota’s capital expenditures with long term debt. To Customers: 2%-5% discount-Net 30 – to attract customer pay quickly.